Reaction time itself is an inherent ability, but overall response time can be improved by practice. Coach and athletes need to analyse the type of skill and the requirements of their sport and decide where overall response gains can be made. Consider the following:
Anticipation is a strategy used by athletes to reduce the time they take to respond to a stimulus e.g. the tennis player who anticipates the type of serve the opponent will use (spatial or event anticipation). In this case, the player has learnt to detect certain cues early in the serving sequence that predicts the potential type of serve. This means the player can start to position himself or herself for the return earlier in the sequence than usual and thus give themselves more time to play the shot when the ball arrives. Obviously, there are dangers for the tennis player in anticipating in this way but the advantages of getting it right are great.
Response time is the sum of reaction time plus movement time. Factors that may influence the performer's response are: